Porphyria – Modern (Allopathic) Versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Porphyrias are a group of inherited metabolic disorders, in which deficiency of enzymes causes a buildup of porphyrins, which are required for the synthesis of hemoglobin in red blood cells. This abnormal buildup affects the skin, nerves, brain, and internal organs, causing symptoms like severe abdominal pain, constipation, vomiting, muscular pain, convulsions, tingling, weakness, confusion, hallucinations, high blood pressure, tachycardia, itching and rash. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an acute manifestation of this condition.

The abnormal buildup of porphyrins causes urine to be typically red colored with the excretion of porphobilinogen, and this is diagnostic of the condition. Symptoms are precipitated by medications, fasting, smoking, infections, surgery, stress, alcohol, menstrual hormones, and exposure to sun. Treatment in the modern (allopathic) system of medicine is with intravenous glucose, simple pain killers, and oral or intravenous Hematin. While the acute condition can be treated adequately in a well equipped hospital, modern medicine cannot prevent further episodes, other than by recommending avoidance of the precipitating factors as well as all unnecessary medications.

The pathology suggests disturbed metabolism and creation of unhealthy blood tissue and vitiated pitta. Features are indicative of Raktapitta disease moving in the downward direction. Depending upon the exact pathophysiology, skin, brain and kidneys are also liable to be affected.

Treatment involves correction of faulty pitta and normalization of blood tissue, correction of metabolism, along with control of a disturbed vata. Other symptoms can be concurrently treated with Ayurvedic medicines. Most patients can be well controlled with Ayurvedic therapy of a few weeks to a few months. Recurrent attacks of pain can be well controlled, provided the patient meticulously avoids all known aggravating causes. Patients having severe neuropsychiatric symptoms may require prolonged treatment of about 6-10 months.

After the initial treatment, once all symptoms have gone in complete remission, it is usually sufficient to just observe the patient for any signs of recurrence or relapse. Most day to day medical issues can be easily handled with Ayurvedic medication, and the patients as well as caretakers quickly learn to manage the situation on their own. It is fortunate that most Ayurvedic medications are well tolerated by patients suffering from porphyria, and so affected individuals need not get intimidated by the long list of Allopathic medications which they cannot take.

Porphyria patients can thus be comprehensively treated and managed on a long term basis with the help of Ayurvedic herbal medicines.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an online consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com For Ayurvedic herbal treatment of recurrent porphyria episodes, click here For Ayurvedic herbal treatment of porphyria with neuropsychiatric involvement, kindly click here

Migraine – Modern (Allopathic) Versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Migraine is a medical condition which affects mainly women and can prove incapacitating in nature, with symptoms such as severe headache, nausea, vomiting and light sensitivity, which may last from four to seventy-two hours. The onset is usually between ten and forty years of age; it may be aggravated with menstruation and may – in a few affected individuals – improve or disappear by the age of fifty. Nearly one billion people worldwide are estimated to be suffering from this condition, and it is believed to be more common than diabetes, epilepsy and asthma combined.

Migraine may be inherited, and triggered or aggravated by certain foods, caffeine, weather changes, bright light, menstruation, fatigue, stress, and irregular sleep and meals. While the exact mechanism of the disease is as yet not clear, it is believed that the triggers stimulate the trigeminal nerve and cause increased swelling in the blood vessels lining the brain.  This in turn releases neurotransmitters which cause pain and inflammation. Typically, this condition severely disrupts the quality of life of affected patients; in a few individuals, there may be additional symptoms related to the eyes and brain which may be severe enough to warrant hospital admission and intensive care.

The conservative management of migraine includes over-the-counter pain killers, medicines to counter nausea and vomiting, preventive medications (medicines to control blood pressure, convulsions, antidepressants, and CGRP inhibitors [which reduce nerve pain and inflammation]), biofeedback, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Avoiding the known trigger factors, stress management, relaxation training, regular meal schedule, and moderate exercise can also help reduce the severity and frequency of migraines. Other than those suffering from comorbid medical conditions, people affected with migraine usually have normal blood and imaging reports.

The Ayurvedic management of people with migraine involves taking a detailed medical history; including severity and frequency of symptoms, trigger factors, diet and lifestyle. Lifestyle and dietary modifications are suggested. Ayurvedic herbal medicines are given to provide symptomatic relief from symptoms as well as to treat the known causes, as determined by the clinical history. The treatment of hyperacidity, indigestion, constipation, and stress, go a long way in successfully treating migraine as well as preventing further episodes. It is important to treat inflammation in cranial blood vessels in order to reduce the tendency for recurrent migraine attacks, as well as to treat a hyper-reactive nervous system.

In addition to oral treatment, medicated nose drops are used to treat inflammation of blood vessels and involvement of the brain, which may – in individuals with severe migraine – mimic symptoms of stroke, blindness, and glaucoma.  Nose drops may be used both to alleviate an acute attack as well as to prevent migraine. Regular courses of medicated enemas are used to treat a hyper-reactive nervous system. A special treatment modality known as Shirobasti is used to treat severe forms of stress which may be causing recurrent attacks of migraine.

Refractory patients who do not respond well to simple oral treatment are given courses of Panchkarma detoxification treatments in the form of periodical blood-letting and induced purgation. The treatment response varies widely from patient to patient; some individuals with long-standing, severe symptoms respond dramatically to just one short course of treatment, while others with milder symptoms may require a protracted course of treatment with more medicines, that too, in higher doses.

Migraine is a chronic disease which significantly affects the quality of life of affected individuals, and is a public health issue with serious health and economic consequences. While modern medicine can reduce the severity and frequency of migraine episodes, it currently does not offer a cure. Ayurvedic herbal treatment can help provide significant improvement in patients with migraine, and can bring about a cure for most affected people.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com For Ayurvedic herbal treatment of migraine, kindly click here 

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) – Modern (Allopathic) Versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common medical condition which affects many individuals and is quite distressing, though it is largely benign in nature. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, discomfort, cramping, bloating, and loose motions or constipation. Symptoms vary from person to person and management may therefore vary considerably between affected individuals. A diagnosis is usually made on the basis of symptoms and by ruling out all possible organic causes. Typically, most patients have a chronic history but do not exhibit symptoms of weight loss or other serious symptoms like fever, rectal bleeding, or anemia. Stress and food allergies are believed to be important causative factors. This condition can usually be managed satisfactorily, with changes in diet and lifestyle. 

The modern management of IBS includes advice to avoid trigger factors, eat high fiber foods, drink plenty of water, exercise regularly, and get sufficient sleep. Treatment includes fiber supplements, laxatives, medications for diarrhea and abdominal pain, and antidepressants. Other medications to reduce intestinal spasm, hyper-motility, increased intestinal secretions, and antibiotics are also used as indicated. 

Ayurvedic herbal treatment is also aimed at specifically treating the causative factors. Herbal medicines which are used for IBS strengthen the intestinal walls, help in digestion and assimilation of food, reduce and normalize excessive movement of the intestines, regulate intestinal secretions and reduce allergy or sensitivity of the mucosal wall of the intestines. Ayurvedic treatment is also given to treat stress and anxiety, which are known causative factors of IBS. 

The successful, long term management of IBS patients requires not only symptomatic treatment but also medicines to improve the general immune status of the body as well as strengthening of all body tissues, especially blood and muscle tissues. The ultimate treatment goal for IBS is to create a sound mind along with a strong, healthy body. Modern treatment is usually required regularly or intermittently on a long term or even life-long basis, in order to satisfactorily control symptoms.  In contrast, with about six to eight months of Ayurvedic herbal treatment, patients with chronic or severe IBS improve dramatically, and most of them can learn to gradually live near normal lives without any major medication, though diet and lifestyle modifications may be required. After a complete remission of symptoms, the dose and frequency of medicines can be gradually reduced and then tapered off completely.

Ayurvedic herbal treatment thus has a significant role to play in the successful management and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

The writer, Dr. A. A. Mundewadi, is available as an online Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com  To start treatment for IBS, kindly click here

Eczema - Allopathic (Modern) Versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Eczema is a skin condition characterized by skin rashes accompanied by intense itching. The rash is in the form of fluid filled blisters, which rupture and then gradually heal with crusting. Along with asthma and hay fever, eczema forms a triad of allergic diseases which have a hereditary component; these may exist singly or all combined in affected individuals. Most individuals outgrow the tendency to eczema by five years of age; others may go on to have chronic and recurrent disease. Eczema may also be caused or aggravated by frequent washing; excessive sweating; the frequent use of rough and tight clothes, harsh chemicals, and rubber or plastic gloves; as also environmental factors like excessive dryness.

The diagnosis of eczema is usually made on clinical grounds taking into consideration the characteristic appearance and distribution of the rash, and the history of its appearance and trigger factors; a biopsy may rarely be required for a confirmed diagnosis. Treatment in the modern system of medicine is with the regular application of anti-inflammatory, anti-itch and steroid creams. Moisturizers help alleviate symptoms, while antibiotic creams and oral medicines treat secondary infections. Patients are advised to keep the skin clean, avoid known irritants, and wear loose, soft clothing.

There is always some element of hypersensitivity or allergy in the manifestation of eczema. While steroid and antihistamine applications suppress this sensitivity, Ayurvedic herbal medicines work directly on the skin, the subcutaneous tissue, and the vascular apparatus, to reduce sensitivity, treat inflammation, remove accumulated toxins and damaged tissue, reduce hyperpigmentation and strengthen the affected skin parts. Medicines are also given to heal the lesions and modulate overall immunity so that the tendency to recurrence subsides gradually.

For patients who have extensive lesions all over the body, or have intractable eczema not responding to standard oral treatment, generalized detoxification is done using Ayurvedic Panchkarma procedures. These include induced emesis, induced purgation, and bloodletting. A systematic course - or courses - of these detoxification procedures are done and followed up with oral treatment for helping the skin lesions subside fully, without recurrence. For limited, localized, and long-standing eczema, sometimes just simple bloodletting from a nearby vein does wonders as a standalone treatment.

From the point of view of Ayurved, dietary advice is an important part of treatment, both for early and complete healing, as well as for preventing recurrence. Dietary recommendations for eczema – and for all skin diseases in general – include avoiding excess of salt, curds (yogurt), sweets; fermented, fried or acidic food items; and fruit salads prepared in milk. Other than these, even other food items known to aggravate the condition, should be avoided. Breathing and relaxation techniques help in reducing stress. Clothing and lifestyle choices which act as triggers should also be avoided.

For most people affected with eczema, Ayurvedic herbal treatment of about 6-8 months usually suffices to bring about a complete remission. Further treatment at tapering doses, or dietary advice, suffices in preventing a recurrence. Ayurvedic herbal treatment can thus be judiciously used in the comprehensive management and treatment of chronic eczema.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com To start Ayurvedic herbal treatment for eczema, kindly click here

Behcet Disease – Modern (Allopathic) Versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 An autoimmune disease is a condition in which the body’s immune system turns against itself. Behcet disease is one such, rare autoimmune disease with a classical symptom triad of oral and genital ulcers and eye inflammation. The disease causes a generalized inflammation of arteries; this in turn causes vasculitis, clot formation and aneurysms, thereby resulting in symptoms. Exposure to an infection in a genetically predisposed individual is probably the main cause of disease precipitation.

Since there are no specific diagnostic tests for this condition, diagnosis is usually made on clinical grounds, and by doing blood tests and other investigations to rule out similar-looking diseases. Symptoms usually appear between twenty to forty years of age, and tend to relapse and remit over long periods. While mild cases involve only the skin and mucous membranes, serious manifestations of the disease may affect the eyes, nervous system, heart, lungs, intestines and kidneys.

The modern system of medicine makes use of steroids, mouthwash, and eye drops to control symptoms of Behcet disease. For more aggressive symptoms, immune suppressant drugs are used to control symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of recurrent attacks. Modern medicines can thus help to control the symptoms but cannot cure the disease. Prolonged use of steroids and immune suppressants can create a host of side effects which can adversely affect the whole body.

The Ayurvedic treatment protocol for Behcet disease includes cellular detoxification of the body and herbal medicines in high doses to treat arterial inflammation, bring about immune modulation, and treat or prevent damage to affected important organs so as to reduce mortality and morbidity from this disease. Patients who are refractory to standard herbal treatment are given additional specialized Panchkarma treatments like Raktamokshan (blood –letting) and Tikta-Ksheer-basti (courses of medicated enemas).

Once the patient starts achieving remission of symptoms, other medicines are added to normalize metabolism and bring about a rejuvenation of the body systems. This allows for a gradual tapering of medicines and prevents relapse of symptoms in the long run. Most affected individuals require treatment for periods ranging from 8 – 18 months, for a complete remission of symptoms along with cessation of therapy after gradual tapering of medicines. It is pertinent to note that Ayurvedic herbal treatment can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality resulting from this disease in patients with severe involvement.

It is equally important to avoid known trigger factors, reduce or manage stress, adapt relaxation techniques, bring about positive lifestyle modifications, and consume healing foods, mostly in the form of fresh vegetables and fruits.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic consultant at http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com and https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com  For Ayurvedic herbal treatment of behcet disease, kindly click here

Spondylosis – Modern (Allopathic) Versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Osteoarthritis of the spine is known as spondylosis and involves degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs as well as bone outgrowths known as osteophytes. Though the entire spine may be affected, more pronounced symptoms are seen with spondylosis of the neck and lower back regions. Spondylosis is entirely different from spondylitis, which involves inflammation; spondylolysis, which involves a defect or crack in the bony structure; and spondylolisthesis, which involves physical dislocation of the affected vertebra.

Ageing, genetics and trauma can cause or aggravate spondylosis. Chronic pain is the commonest symptom; accompanied by numbness and tingling if the disease process involves or puts pressure on nerves. This condition is managed conventionally with the use of medications, exercise, physiotherapy and lifestyle modifications; medications include non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, which reduce pain and swelling. When these measures do not suffice in controlling symptoms, additional procedures like chiropractic, acupuncture, and minimally invasive procedures like injections and surgery may be required.  All these procedures bring about limited and temporary improvement; prolonged use can give rise to serious adverse effects, and none can significantly alter the long term course of the disease.

Spondylosis is said to be associated with age related degeneration and it is generally believed that no particular medicine or procedure can influence the long term prognosis of this condition, since modern medicines only reduce swelling, inflammation and pain. However, Ayurvedic herbal medicines have a special role to play in the long term management and treatment of spondylosis, and can reverse the ageing process in the spine to a significant degree.

Ayurvedic herbal medicines can reduce the damage to the spine; strengthen vertebral bones, intervertebral discs and attached muscles and tendons; and reduce swelling due to osteoporosis. This helps to reduce and eliminate chronic pain, and also removes pressure on sensitive nerves, thereby treating related symptoms like pain, numbness, and impending paralysis. It is pertinent to mention that herbal medicines can be safely used for this treatment for prolonged periods and in high doses without any significant adverse effects.

A combination protocol of oral Ayurvedic herbs, local application of Ayurvedic medicated oils, hot fomentation, and regular exercise, can help most people suffering from spondylosis recover completely even from very chronic and severe affectations. In order to get the maximum possible benefit from Ayurvedic treatment, it is always advisable to get examined, investigated, diagnosed, and treated at the earliest possible

When standard oral herbal therapy does not suffice, additional treatment with one or several courses of medicated enemas can help bring about a quick remission in pain and other symptoms. This procedure, combined with local fomentation therapy with medicated steam, may also help minimize the chances for recurrence as well as reduce the required dosage of oral medicines.  Patients who achieve a complete remission of symptoms can maintain themselves with regular exercise, a healthy diet, and the occasional use of low dose herbal medication.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com  For Ayurvedic treatment of spondylosis, kindly click here

Chronic and Recurrent Pancreatitis – Modern (Allopathic) Versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Pancreatitis is a medical condition in which there is inflammation and damage to the pancreas due to gall stones, or alcohol binges along with fatty food consumption. The pancreatic juices which are responsible for the digestion of food can cause auto-digestion of the pancreas due to the inflammation process. An acute attack can be dangerous, with the potential for serious complications like infection, peritonitis, abdominal rupture and septicemia. Chronic or recurrent attacks, combined with inflammation, can cause scarring and cyst formation in the pancreas.

An acute attack is best treated in an intensive care unit of a well equipped hospital. This can prove to be life-saving. Timely treatment in a hospital can prevent or treat infection, stabilize the patient with intravenous fluids, provide symptomatic treatment for vomiting and abdominal pain, and help tide over the crisis. If impacted gall stones are the cause for the pancreatitis, surgery can be planned to remove the stones. Modern medicines however, cannot actually treat the pancreatitis or prevent further attacks, other than giving dietary and lifestyle modification advice to avoid the aggravating factors for this condition.

Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis can be effectively treated with Ayurvedic herbal medicines. Most patients with chronic pancreatitis complain of continuous, low grade or severe pain in the abdomen, along with nausea and loss of appetite. In this scenario, while modern medicine can provide just symptomatic and short-lived improvement, Ayurvedic herbal medicines can provide complete and lasting relief from the pain, nausea and vomiting, and help gradually improve appetite as well as normalize digestion. Ayurvedic treatment can also reverse the damage and inflammation to the pancreas and prevent recurrence of attacks. Early commencement of Ayurvedic treatment can bring about a full recovery and prevent permanent damage.

Ayurvedic treatment is equally effective in both adults as well as children, since herbal medicines are used in pancreatitis treatment, which have a wide safety margin. An average of about six months of treatment is required for most patients, in order to relieve all symptoms, prevent recurrence, and help the patient regain lost weight, especially so in children. It is important to reduce weight in obese patients and avoid intake of alcohol, tobacco, and fatty foods. Patients with gall stones need to be treated aggressively with specific Ayurvedic medicines, if this is the causative factor.

To sum up, Ayurvedic herbal medicines provide a comprehensive, safe, effective and affordable treatment for chronic and recurrent pancreatitis. No recurrence has so far been observed in patients – both adults and children – who have completed a full course of regular treatment, and have abstained from all the known and aggravating factors. While modern medicine currently has no effective therapy for chronic or recurrent pancreatitis, patients with an acute attack are best managed in hospital.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com  To start Ayurvedic herbal treatment for chronic pancreatitis, kindly click here

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) – Modern (Allopathic) Versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare autoimmune disorder which involves generalized inflammation of small arteries in the body affecting mostly the skin, joints, peripheral nerves, intestines and kidneys, though the lings are usually spared. Common symptoms include fever, night sweats, weight loss, skin ulcerations or tender nodules, and severe muscle and joint pains, developing over weeks or months. PAN may be related to Hepatitis B and C infections, as also to genetic mutations. This disease can have serious long-term complications, especially if associated with intestinal, renal, heart or brain damage. Spontaneous bleeding from multiple sites can also prove to be fatal.  PAN is therefore a very serious disorder which needs urgent attention. 

Conservative treatment is usually with steroids and immune suppressant drugs. These medicines can be life-saving since they act immediately on the body and reduce or reverse inflammation, bleeding, organ damage and multiple organ failure. The overall outlook can thus be considerably improved with these medicines; however, the long term prognosis still remains grim. In addition to these limitations, both steroids and immune suppressants have considerable side effects when used in high doses or for prolonged periods. 

Ayurvedic herbal treatment is very effective in comprehensively treating PAN including the inflammation and damage to arteries, as well as treating and preventing long term complications. Herbal medicines can treat inflamed arteries; reduce the formation of micro aneurysms; prevent blockage, infarct, ulceration and bleeding; and thereby prevent long term damage to the organs they supply. Herbal medicines can also induce healing in inflamed arteries without compromising on immunity. Associated symptoms, or known causes, such as hepatitis, and chronic infections, can also be be treated separately with appropriate herbs. 

For a complete remission and to prevent long term relapses, the full spectrum of Ayurvedic treatment needs to be given, including detoxification, rejuvenation, and immune modulation. The various stages of these treatments need different medicines, while the herbs for treating the presenting symptoms and PAN pathology are continued concurrently. Depending upon the type of presentation, the severity of presenting symptoms, and the stage at which treatment has been commenced; Ayurvedic herbal treatment needs to be given from periods ranging from 4 months to nearly 18 months, in order to be able to fully treat all the clinical presentations of PAN (which can be quite varied).

 To sum up, PAN is a serious disorder which needs prompt and aggressive treatment, failing which it can prove to be fatal. While modern treatment can definitely prove to be rapidly effective in controlling symptoms, it is not a satisfactory long term treatment modality. That said, for acute or emergency medical care, there is no alternative to a fully equipped modern intensive care medical unit. 

Ayurvedic treatment is a slow starter and may not be recommended for an emergency situation; however, Ayurvedic herbal treatment can successfully manage and treat PAN on a long term basis, and significantly reduce morbidity and mortality resulting from this disease. Ayurvedic herbal treatment scores comprehensively on efficacy, safety, and affordability. Early commencement of treatment ensures a more complete cure and reduces the chances for long term complications or relapse. From the patients’ point of view, a judicious combination of modern and Ayurvedic treatment is the best choice to ensure a quick and complete recovery, while minimizing risk.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com  To start Ayurvedic treatment for polyarteritis nodosa, kindly click here

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) – Modern (Allopathic) Versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a medical condition characterised by inflammation, swelling, and pain in symmetrical joints, usually involving the smaller joints. This disease typically runs a chronic course, while having a varied long-term outlook. About half of those affected may have mild symptoms, which are usually well controlled with conventional treatment,  one-fourth may have a chronic but limited course, while the remaining one-fourth have an aggressive form of the disease, with severe pain and joint disfigurement.

The modern treatment of RA is usually with standard, oral anti-inflammatory and pain-killing medications, as well as local applications having the same mode of action. Most of these medicines cause acidity and ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract, and may harm the liver and kidneys if taken for prolonged periods. People affected with refractory RA are usually put on steroids and immune-suppressant drugs. The response to these medications is usually good to start with; however, the long term benefits are usually limited, while the side effects are substantial and serious. For most patients with severe symptoms, modern drugs are not able to stop the progression of the disease.

 Ayurvedic treatment helps reduce the chronic inflammation process related to RA and modulates the immune system of the body, so that it helps positively in combating the disease. Herbal medicines act on the joints to reduce pain as well as swelling, and help repair the joint structure. Deformities in joints can either be prevented or reduced with the long term use of Ayurvedic medicines. Regular Ayurvedic treatment for about 8-18 months is usually sufficient to significantly reduce all associated symptoms even in patients with severe forms of RA. Most such patients may also have concurrent symptoms related to other auto-immune disorders, especially of the skin and mucous membranes. These symptoms too can be treated aggressively, in order to bring about a remission of arthritis.

Most of the herbal medicines which are regularly used in the treatment of RA have to be given in high doses and for prolonged duration, in order to be effective; in spite of this, these medicines do not exhibit any serious side effects. Ayurvedic medicines have a major edge in treating refractory patients, while limiting the potential side effects. For those patients with very active disease and not responding even to standard Ayurvedic treatment protocols, supplementation of treatment with Ayurvedic Panchkarma procedures usually brings about a favourable response. The procedures include induced vomiting, induced purgation, blood-letting, and one or several courses of medicated enemas.

To sum up, Ayurvedic medicines have a major role to play in the treatment of aggressive and refractory types of rheumatoid arthritis because of their efficacy and safety as compared to modern medicines which have an immediate effect in suppressing symptoms, but prove to be ineffective and harmful in the long run. It is pertinent to note that patients should refrain from self-medication even with Ayurvedic treatment, and take the advice of a qualified and experienced Ayurvedic physician.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com  To start Ayurvedic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, kindly click here

Osteoarthritis (OA) – Modern (Allopathic) Versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Osteoarthritis (OA) involves degeneration of the smooth cartilage which lines the long bones and forms joints. This can cause pain, swelling, stiffness and limitation of movement. The knee, hip, spine and hands are most commonly affected. OA is most commonly due to old age, obesity, trauma, occupational hazards, and genetic influences; it is more common in women.

Treatment is with pain killers, physical activity, weight loss measures, local injections, and surgery to correct bone deformity or joint replacement. Most affected people do well with conservative treatment. Regular physical activity is important to maintain stability of the joint, strengthen supporting muscles, and reduce pain.

Modern pain-killers and anti-inflammatory medicines are very effective in reducing severe pain; however, these medicines cannot prevent disease progression and have a whole range of serious side effects because of which they cannot be used for prolonged duration. Local injections of steroids directly into the affected joint can dramatically reduce pain; however, the effect is short-lived, and many patients end up with increased pain. Joint replacement surgery can also dramatically cure all disease symptoms; however, the cost of the procedure is prohibitive, and the range of post-operative joint movement may be limited. Though rare, surgery itself may have serious complications; mostly resulting from infection and reactions to anaesthesia.

Ayurvedic herbal treatment is very effective in treating both moderate as well as advanced OA. Depending upon the severity of the condition, Ayurvedic medicines need to be given in high doses for about 3 to 6 months to get complete relief from pain, swelling and other symptoms related to OA. Ayurvedic medicines work by reducing and treating inflammation and swelling, and reversing cartilage damage. Immediate relief in pain can be induced by local fomentation of affected joints using medicated steam or modified acupuncture techniques.

Ayurvedic herbal treatment is also very effective in treating advanced OA, especially for those people who have been advised complete joint replacement. Aggressive treatment with herbal medicines, combined with local pain relief ointments or fomentation, graded exercises, and weight loss measures have resulted in stabilising affected individuals to such an extent that joint replacement is no longer required. Treatment duration for such patients is usually about 6 to 12 months. Side effects or unwanted effects of Ayurvedic medicines used for such patients are virtually nonexistent, even though high doses are required to effectively treat advanced OA. A few patients who do not respond satisfactorily to these treatment protocols, may require supplementary treatment with medicated enemas.

Ayurvedic herbal treatment thus has a very important role to play in the treatment and management of OA.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi is available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com  To start Ayurvedic treatment for osteoarthritis, kindly click here

Avascular Necrosis (AVN) – Modern (Allopathic) versus Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a disease in which the blood supply to the head of the joint bone reduces drastically, causing a complete disorganization and ultimate collapse of the head of the joint bone.  Though the hip joint is most commonly affected, AVN can also involve other joints such as the shoulder.  This condition may be caused due to sudden or repeated, low-grade trauma, long-term use of steroids, excessive intake of alcohol, and chronic diseases like blood disorders and auto immune disorders. 

 Of late, there has been a gradual increase in the incidence of auto immune disorders with a resulting increase in the use of steroids; hence, AVN is being diagnosed much more frequently. Patients in their late 20s and early 30s usually present with this disease. The condition may happen within a span of a few days to a few weeks, but the ensuing physical disability may remain life-long. A similar condition in children, known as Perthe’s disease, may reverse spontaneously within a year or two.

 The conservative management of this condition in the modern system of medicine is to give biphosphonates in order to possibly reduce the rate of decrease of calcium and thereby preserve the joint structure to the maximum extent possible.  This is supplemented with graded physiotherapy to preserve joint function and maintain muscular strength.  A slightly advanced condition calls for core decompression surgery in order to reduce stress on the joint.  Further management is only with the use of pain killers like paracetamol, and to adopt a ‘wait and watch’ policy.

 Patients who progress to the third or fourth stage of the disease, involving gross destruction of the joint, are usually advised total replacement of the joint.  Joint replacement surgery can be prohibitively costly; in addition, it may not provide the full range of movement which the person previously had with a normal joint. If the causative factors persist, other joints may become involved.

 Most patients taking biphosphonates, or having undergone core decompression surgery, either do not benefit at all, or find the beneficial effects to be transitory. Such patients can be treated with Ayurvedic herbal medicines for a period of about four to six months and usually get complete and lasting benefit from pain, stiffness, and limitation of movement.

 Patients having the third or fourth stage of the condition usually require higher doses of Ayurvedic oral medicines, supplemented with one or several courses of medicated enemas. Most patients with severe involvement of AVN do recover significantly with the regular use of Ayurvedic treatment for a period of about eight to twelve months.

 To sum up, modern treatment is not very effective in controlling the severe pain and other symptoms associated with AVN. The much touted joint replacement surgery is available to only a select few, and has its own limitations. Ayurvedic herbal treatment is a comprehensive, safe and economical treatment for all the stages of AVN.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi is available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com To start Ayurvedic treatment for AVN, click here

Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment for Hypothyroidism

 Hypothyroidism is a medical condition in which the secretions from the thyroid gland are less than normal due to various causes such as inflammation or destruction of the thyroid gland, deficiency of iodine or iron, and abnormalities in the pituitary or hypothalamus of the brain.  Hypothyroidism can cause symptoms such as course and thick skin, weight gain, depression, cold intolerance, constipation, decreased concentration, excessive sleep, and pain and swelling in the body.  Hypothyroidism can also cause accumulation of fluid in the heart or lungs.  The modern treatment of hypothyroidism consists in supplementing the body with synthetic thyroxin, which controls the symptoms partially, but needs to be taken life-long. 

The Ayurvedic herbal treatment for hypothyroidism consists of treating the cause of the disease as well as giving symptomatic treatment.  Deficiency of iodine or iron needs to be corrected within the daily dietary intake.  Abnormalities of the brain in the pituitary and the hypothalamus need to be properly investigated, after which the appropriate Ayurvedic treatment can be instituted to correct the abnormality.  Inflammation of the thyroid gland can be treated with Ayurvedic herbal medicines which reduce inflammation and gradually bring the thyroid gland back to normal. 

Simultaneously, Ayurvedic medicines are also given reduce the retention of fluid in the body and gradually increase the metabolism so that symptoms like thick skin, weight gain, depression and swelling and pain in the body disappear, and the body returns to normal.  Excess fluid from the body is washed out through the kidneys with the help of Ayurvedic herbal medicines; in addition, toxins from the blood are treated and also flushed out.  Medicines which act directly on the thyroid gland and thyroid cells are used, so that the thyroid gland starts functioning normally and smoothly.  Normally, treatment is required for a period of eight to twelve months, in which most people affected with hypothyroidism recover completely.  Patients who have developed hypothyroidism after the intake of radioactive iodine suffer large-scale destruction of the thyroid gland; individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis also develop hypothyroidism in the long run. In such individuals, treatment may be required with Ayurvedic herbal medicines for a much longer time. 

Ayurvedic herbal treatment is thus very effective in the successful management of hypothyroidism.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi is available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and www.ayurvedaphysician.com  For Ayurvedic herbal treatment of hypothyroidism, kindly click here

Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome is a medical condition which causes a dysfunction of the intestines resulting in different types of symptoms such as abdominal pain, discomfort, cramping, bloating, and either diarrhoea or constipation.  Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome vary from person-to-person and therefore require different types of management.  Irritable bowel syndrome can usually be diagnosed when a person has the typical symptoms of this disorder and when all other organic causes have been ruled out.  Stress and food allergy are believed to be important in causing irritable bowel syndrome.  This condition can be very chronic but is usually manageable.  Changes in diet and lifestyle are usually important in the successful management of this condition. 

Ayurvedic herbal treatment for irritable bowel syndrome is aimed at strengthening the intestines, improving digestion, and also treating chronic stress in the affected individuals.  Ayurvedic herbal medicines which have a specific action on the small as well as the large intestine are used in high doses as per individual requirements.  Medicines which improve the digestion as well as improve the resistance power of the intestinal mucosa are also used in combination with the above-mentioned medicines.  Ayurvedic herbal medicines are also used to treat and reduce stress and anxiety, which are known factors in the propagation of this disease.

 Individuals affected with irritable bowel syndrome may also require medicines to improve the general immune status of the body and as well as medicines to strengthen all the tissues, especially the blood and muscle tissue.  This treatment indirectly helps in the successful management of irritable bowel syndrome.  Most individuals affected with chronic and severe irritable bowel syndrome require regular Ayurvedic herbal treatment for about six to eight months; however, the results of regular treatment are dramatic and can significantly alter the life of affected individuals for the better.  After a complete remission of symptoms, that dose and frequency of medicines can be gradually reduced and then tapered off completely. 

Ayurvedic herbal treatment thus has a significant role to play in the successful management and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

 The writer, Dr. A. A. Mundewadi, is available as an online Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com For Ayurvedic herbal treatment of IBS, kindly click on https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com/product-page/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs 

Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment of Eczema

 Eczema is an eruption of the skin, usually preceded by intense itching. The eruptions, which are actually fluid filled vesicles, usually rupture with the leakage of fluid, following by crusting of the rash. Most individuals have a hereditary component, and are also usually susceptible to asthma, and hay fever. Most individuals gradually outgrow the tendency to eczema by 5 years of age; those who do not, may have chronic and persistent affliction. Environmental factors are also responsible, like excessive dryness. Rough, tight clothes, harsh chemicals, sweating, rubber or plastic gloves, and frequent washing can also cause or aggravate the condition.

Diagnosis is usually made by looking at the characteristic appearance and distribution of the rash, along with a detailed history of its appearance and trigger factors. Rarely, a biopsy may be required for a confirmed diagnosis. Treatment is usually with anti-inflammatory and anti-itch creams as well as steroid applications. Emollient creams help preserve moisture in the skin and are helpful. Antibiotic applications or oral medicines are sometimes required to treat secondary infection. Individuals are advised to keep the skin clean, avoid known irritants, and wear loose, soft clothing.

There is always some element of hypersensitivity or allergy in the manifestation of eczema. While steroid and antihistamine applications suppress this sensitivity, Ayurvedic herbal medicines work directly on the skin, the subcutaneous tissue, and the vascular apparatus, to reduce sensitivity, treat inflammation, remove accumulated toxins and damaged tissue, reduce hyperpigmentation and strengthen the affected skin parts. Medicines are also given to heal the lesions and modulate overall immunity so that the tendency to recurrence subsides gradually.

For patients who have extensive lesions all over the body, or have intractable eczema not responding to standard oral treatment, generalized detoxification is done using Ayurvedic Panchkarma procedures. These include induced emesis, induced purgation, and bloodletting. A systematic course - or courses - of these detoxification procedures are done and followed up with oral treatment for helping the skin lesions subside fully, without recurrence. For limited, localized, and long-standing eczema, sometimes just simple bloodletting from a nearby vein does wonders as a standalone treatment.

From the point of view of Ayurved, dietary advice is an important part of treatment, both for early and complete healing, as well as for preventing recurrence. Dietary recommendations for eczema – and for all skin diseases in general – include avoiding excess of salt, curds (yogurt), sweets; fermented, fried or acidic food items; and fruit salads prepared in milk. Other than these, even other food items known to aggravate the condition, should be avoided. Breathing and relaxation techniques help in reducing stress. Clothing and lifestyle choices which act as triggers should also be avoided.

For most people affected with eczema, Ayurvedic herbal treatment of about 6-8 months usually suffices to bring about a complete remission. Further treatment at tapering doses, or dietary advice, suffices in bringing about a recurrence. Ayurvedic herbal treatment can thus be judiciously used in the comprehensive management and treatment of chronic eczema.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com For Ayurvedic herbal treatment of chronic eczema, kindly click on this link https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com/product-page/eczema-chronic 

Behcet Disease – Successful Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Behcet disease consists of the classical triad symptoms of recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and inflammation in the eyes. It is a rare autoimmune disease caused by generalized inflammation of arteries; most probably arising from an autoimmune response triggered by an exposure to an infectious agent, especially in genetically predisposed individuals. Inflammation of arteries (vasculitis), clot formation (thrombosis), and ballooning of artery walls (aneurysms) are the mechanisms which cause the symptoms and damage to the body systems in this disease.

The onset of symptoms is usually in the age from 20-40 years. In addition to mucocutaneous involvement, multiple systems in the body may be involved. Usually, involvement of only skin and mucous membranes denotes a mild course of disease, whereas serious manifestation may occur with involvement of the eyes, nervous system, heart, lungs, intestines and kidneys. Symptoms usually exhibit a relapsing and remitting course. There are no specific diagnostic tests for this condition, though the pathergy needle prick test may help with the diagnosis.

The Ayurvedic herbal treatment of Behcet disease commences with cellular detoxification as well as healing treatment of the affected parts of the body. Since inflammation of arteries is the hallmark pathology of this condition, the mainstay of treatment revolves around treating this inflammation aggressively as well giving herbal medicines for gradually bringing about immune modulation. If important organs are affected, these are treated on a priority basis to prevent serious damage and reduce mortality from this disease. Those individuals who have access to Ayurvedic Panchkarma treatment can opt for a course of raktamokshan (bloodletting) and tikta-ksheer basti (medicated enema).

Once the patient starts improving with treatment, other treatment to normalize metabolism and bring about a rejuvenation of the body systems, is started. This facilitates gradual tapering of medicines and prevents relapse of symptoms in the long run. Depending upon the severity of symptoms and response to treatment, most affected individuals require treatment for periods ranging from 8 – 18 months for a complete remission of symptoms and cessation of therapy after gradual tapering of medicines. Ayurvedic herbal treatment can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality resulting from this disease.

It is equally important to avoid known trigger factors, reduce or manage stress, adapt relaxation techniques, bring about positive lifestyle modifications, and consume healing foods, mostly in the form of fresh vegetables and fruits.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com  and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com  For Ayurvedic herbal treatment of Behcet disease, kindly click on this link https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com/product-page/behcet-s-disease 

Spondylosis – Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Degenerative or osteoarthritic changes in the spine are known as spondylosis.  This is characterized by the presence of bone outgrowths known as bone spurs, and degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs. Spondylosis can occur in any part of the spine, but cervical and lumbar spondylosis tends to have more symptoms. This condition is different from spondylitis which involves inflammation, physical non-development (spondylolysis), and physical dislocation either forward or backward (spondylolisthesis). Spondylosis and a herniated disc can cause compression of the sciatic nerve causing symptoms of sciatica.

Ageing, genetics, and trauma are risk factors for spondylosis. Chronic pain is the commonest symptom of spondylosis; if a nerve is affected, symptoms like numbness and tingling can also occur. Treatment involves the use of medications, self-care, exercise and physical therapy, adjunctive therapies (chiropractics and acupuncture), and minimally invasive procedures such as injections, and surgery.

Ayurvedic herbal medicines have a special role to play in the long term management and treatment of spondylosis. Since spondylosis is said to be associated with age related degeneration, it is generally believed that no particular medicines can influence the long term outlook of this condition, since modern medicines only reduce swelling, inflammation and pain. However, Ayurvedic herbal medicines can reverse the ageing process in the spine to a significant degree.

When given in high doses for long durations, Ayurvedic herbal medicines can reduce the damage in the spine, make the vertebral bones strong and healthy, and reduce the swelling due to osteoporosis. In addition, the medicines also help to make the tendons and muscles attached to the spine very strong and healthy. This helps to reduce and eliminate chronic pain, which is the hallmark of spondylosis. In addition, pressure on sensitive nerves is also removed, thereby treating nerve related symptoms like pain, numbness, and impending paralysis.

A judicious combination of oral Ayurvedic herbs, local application of Ayurvedic medicated oils, hot fomentation, and regular exercise, can help most people suffering from spondylosis recover completely even from very chronic and severe affectations. That said, it is always advisable to get examined, investigated, diagnosed, and treated with Ayurvedic herbal medicines at the earliest possible in order to get the maximum possible benefit from treatment.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com  and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com  For Ayurvedic herbal treatment of spondylosis, kindly click on https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com/product-page/spondylosis 

Chronic Pancreatitis - Successful Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

 Chronic pancreatitis is a condition in which the patient experiences chronic or intermittent severe abdominal pain, due to a chronic, continuing inflammatory process which gradually destroys the pancreas either fully or partially. The presence of stones, cysts, increased lobularity, dilated ducts and calcification are typical signs of chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic enzyme blood levels are either normal or mildly elevated. In time, the organ gradually loses its functions and the patient may end up with complications like diabetes and malabsorption syndrome.

            Alcohol abuse, gall bladder stones, autoimmune disorders, and trauma are the known causes of chronic pancreatitis, while in some patients the cause remains unknown. Standard treatment includes pain management, prevention and treatment of known causes, treatment of organ insufficiency or failure, and surgery.

            Ayurvedic herbal medicines can be very effectively used in chronic pancreatitis to reduce pain and prevent or minimize long term, irreversible damage to the organ. Herbal medicines can reduce the inflammation in the pancreas and thereby prevent long term complications like cyst formation and calcification. Treatment can change according to the known cause of the condition. It is advisable to start Ayurvedic treatment at the earliest possible since this can bring about a complete reversal of the inflammation and a complete cure. Even patients with chronic history and visible damage to the pancreas have made a complete recovery without a recurrence. Children with recurrent pancreatitis also do well with Ayurvedic treatment and recover completely with treatment.

Any fresh episode of pain can usually be treated successfully with Ayurvedic medicines, with very few exceptions.  Most patients who tend to relapse or do not respond well to treatment usually have a history of faulty compliance to treatment, inadequate diet control and a tendency to binge on fatty foods and alcohol. Average treatment time for chronic pancreatitis is about eight months, depending upon the severity of organ damage and the response to treatment.

Ayurvedic herbal treatment is therefore a viable treatment option for chronic and recurrent pancreatitis. Early treatment can prevent irreversible damage and bring about complete recovery, with minimal chances of recurrence.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, as available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com  and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com  For Ayurvedic herbal treatment of chronic and recurrent pancreatitis, kindly click on this link https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com/product-page/chronic-and-recurrent-pancreatitis 

Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

 Rheumatoid arthritis is a medical condition characterised by inflammation, swelling, and pain in symmetrical joints, usually involving the smaller joints. This disease typically runs a chronic course, while having a varied long-term outlook. About half of those affected may have mild symptoms, which are usually well controlled with conventional treatment,  one-fourth may have a chronic but limited course, while the remaining one-forth have an aggressive form of the disease, with severe pain and joint disfigurement.

The modern treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is usually with standard, oral anti-inflammatory and pain-killing medications, as well as local applications having the same mode of action. People affected with refractory rheumatoid arthritis are usually put on steroids and immune-suppressant drugs. The response to these medications is usually good to start with; however, the long term benefits are usually limited, while the side effects are substantial and serious. Ayurvedic medicines have a major edge in treating such refractory patients, while limiting the potential side effects.

The aim of Ayurvedic treatment is to reduce the chronic inflammation process related to rheumatoid arthritis, as well as to regulate and regularise the immune system of the body, so that it helps positively in combating the disease. Herbal medicines act on the joint to reduce pain as well as swelling, and work on the joints to help repair the joint structure. Deformities in joints can either be prevented or reduced with the long term use of Ayurvedic medicines. Active Ayurvedic treatment for about 8-18 months is usually sufficient to significantly reduce all associated symptoms even in patients with severe forms of rheumatoid arthritis. Most such patients also have concurrent symptoms related to other auto-immune disorders, especially of the skin and mucous membranes. These symptoms too need to be treated aggressively, in order to bring about a remission of arthritis.

To sum up, Ayurvedic medicines have a major role to play in the treatment of aggressive and refractory types of rheumatoid arthritis.

Dr A A Mundewadi is available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com  For treatment of RA, kindly click on this link https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com/product-page/rheumatoid-arthritis-ra 

Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment of Avascular Necrosis (AVN)

 Loss of blood supply to the end part of long bones results in a gradual cellular death and collapse of bone, causing pain, limitation of movement, and destruction of the joint. This condition is known as avascular necrosis (AVN), and mostly involves the hip joint, though other long bones and even small bones may also be affected. Trauma and drugs like corticosteroids can cause AVN; organ transplant recipients are also more susceptible.

Modern treatment options for AVN bring about limited results. Reduction in weight bearing by restricting activity and using crutches; pain relieving drugs; medicines like biphosphonates and vasodilator drugs; and heat therapy, bring about some degree of improvement. Surgical options include core decompression, bone grafting, and total hip arthroplasty. Poor prognostic factors include age over 50 years, stage 3 or more disease progression  at the time of diagnosis, death of more than a third of the weight bearing area of the joint, and lateral involvement of the joint.

Ayurvedic herbal medicines can be judiciously used to bring about significant relief or even a complete cure in patients suffering from AVN. Herbs increase blood circulation to the affected bone, increase micro-circulation, reduce swelling, flush out dead tissue, and even help in bone remodeling. In the early stages of the disease, treatment of about 4 months is sufficient, while those having an advanced condition require treatment with high doses of herbs for about 6-8 months. Highly refractory patients also need medicated enemas in addition to the oral treatment.

Ayurvedic treatment can also be given in concurrence with surgical procedures to provide maximum benefit; it can also be offered as a treatment option for patients with failed surgeries.

Ayurvedic herbal treatment thus has a definite role to play in the treatment and management of AVN.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic Consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and www.ayurvedaphysician.com For treatment of AVN, kindly click on this link https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com/product-page/i-ayurvedic-herbal-treatment-of-avascular-necrosis-avn-m-a-product

Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment in the Management of Alzheimer Disease

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder involving cognitive and behavioral impairment which severely impairs day to day activities, as well as social and occupational functioning. This condition causes dysfunction and atrophy of the hippocampus, a part deep within the brain which helps to encode memories, as well as parts of the cerebral cortex which are involved in thinking and making decisions. Structural changes may begin to appear in the brain several decades before actual appearance of signs and symptoms.

AD usually goes through 4 clinical stages. The first stage is preclinical, in which the hippocampus and nearby brain areas get affected and start shrinking; however, patients are usually clinically unaffected. In the next stage which is termed as mild AD, the cerebral cortex too gets affected, giving rise to symptoms such as memory loss; getting lost; difficulty in doing daily activities, handling finances, making judgments; loss of spontaneity and initiative; and mood and personality changes. The subsequent stage is moderate AD, in which brain parts are involved which control language, reasoning, sensory processing and conscious thought. This causes symptoms such as increased memory loss and confusion; shortened attention span; difficulty with language, learning, logical thinking, recognizing people and organized movement; increased mood and personality changes; and repetitive actions and statements. The last stage is severe AD, in which there is significant atrophy of affected brain parts, because of which patients fail to recognize close or family members; become completely dependent; and lose all communication and sense of self. There may be additional symptoms like weight loss, difficulty in swallowing, incontinence, skin infections, convulsions, and increased sleeping.

Senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the hallmark of AD pathology. Plaques are formed by the accumulation of dense, mostly insoluble deposits of a protein known as beta-amyloid (Ab) as well as some cellular material surrounding neurons. Ab is a part of a larger protein known as amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is associated with the neuron cell membrane. Degenerative processes speed up the formation of Ab fragments, which come together outside the cell and form clumps known as SPs. It is currently unclear whether SPs are the cause or byproduct of the AD disease process.

Healthy neurons have an internal communication system partly made up of structures known as microtubules, which allow to and fro movement of nutrients and molecules. A special kind of protein known as tau binds to the microtubules and stabilizes them. AD causes chemical changes in tau which in turn bind together and cause tangling, disintegration and collapse of the microtubular system, leading to disorganized structures known as NFTs. These cause disruption in the communication between neurons, gradually leading to cellular death.

The anatomic pathology of AD thus includes SPs and NFTs at the microscopic level, and cerebro-cortical atrophy at the macroscopic level, which can be visualized in MRI plates. Clinical onset of AD is primarily preceded by accumulation of SPs; while NFTs, loss of neurons and their synaptic connections are associated with progressive cognitive decline. AD thus affects the communication, metabolism and repair of brain cells; progressive neuron cell death causes the clinical features of the disease. The presence of a sufficient number of SPs and NFTs along with a characteristic distribution in the brain is required for a definitive diagnosis of AD, since these may be present in other neurodegenerative diseases, and may also be a part of aging. In addition to SPs and NFTs, other pathological changes may also contribute to the disease process. These include granulovacuolar degeneration (in the hippocampus); formation of neuropil threads (in the brain cortex); cholinergic (neurotransmitter) deficiency; oxidative stress and damage (in the brain); chronic inflammation; clusterin (protein) alterations; increased presenilin (gene) expressions; and estrogen (hormone) loss.

Currently, modern medicine can only offer symptomatic treatment for AD, with most medications modulating neurotransmitters, either acetylcholine, or glutamate. Behavioral symptoms like depression, agitation, aggression, hallucinations, delusions, and sleep disorders can be treated using antidepressants, anxiolytics, antiparkinson medications, beta blockers, antiepileptic drugs and neuroleptics. Graded and interactive mental activities are known to improve cognition and slow down deterioration. Diets which reduce carbohydrate consumption and allow for increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and non-farmed fish have been known to reverse mild to moderate cognitive decline. Such interventions also include a graded exercise program, stress reduction techniques, and supplementation with vitamin D3, fish oil, coenzyme Q-10, melatonin, and methylcobalamin. Physical activity, exercise, cardiorespiratory fitness, and a Mediterranean diet may have a preventive effect.

In the absence of any specific treatment or cure for AD, Ayurvedic herbal treatment can be utilized judiciously with significant results. AD is treated as a mix of autoimmune and degenerative disorder, and treated using some common treatment principles utilized for such diseases. This includes detoxification, treatment of chronic infection and inflammation, providing specific nutrition for degenerating tissues, opening up of damaged and blocked nutritional pathways, modulating metabolism at the general level as well as cellular level, and repair of reversible damage. These actions are usually performed concurrently, and may need to be tailor-made as per the history, clinical presentation and specific requirements of each individual.

Epigenetics is a change in gene expression that results from gene-environment interactions; this may be brought about by chemical or functional changes in RNA and DNA without actually changing the gene sequence. Epigenetic elements are possible in the causation of AD since the occurrence of AD in the majority of patients is sporadic, without a family history, and presents late in life. Exposure to chemicals, aluminium and lead; chronic oxidative and environmental stress; and chronic inflammation, are known factors which may present using this mechanism. While these are causative factors, the information pertaining to epigenetics can be used in Ayurvedic treatment to reverse the pathology as well as symptoms of AD.

Ayurvedic herbomineral combinations need to be given for several months to reverse AD pathology. The dosage depends upon the severity of symptoms; patients with moderate and severe AD require high doses. These are supplemented with herbs to continue mild detoxification, treat inflammation and provide nutrition. While these medicines are administered orally, there are other treatment modalities also in use. Courses of medicated enemas and medicated nasal drops can bring about significant improvement. A special procedure known as “Shiro-Basti” is used, in which warm Ayurvedic medicated oils are poured onto the scalp within special, elongated skull caps for specific durations. Generalized skin massage and fomentation with medicated steam also provide good results. Exposure to sunlight (known in Ayurvedic terminology as “aatap sevan”) helps AD people to remain active in the day time and sleep well at night. The consumption of various medicated oils, ghee (clarified butter) and bone marrow is also known to provide benefit.

Most of these procedures, as well as oral treatments, require some degree of cooperation from people affected with AD; hence it is advisable to commence Ayurvedic treatment as early as possible, preferably at the time of diagnosis. This can ensure that patients get the maximum possible therapeutic benefit in the form of decreased symptoms, better quality of life, and reduction in morbidity and mortality.

The writer, Dr A A Mundewadi, is available as an Ayurvedic consultant at https://www.mundewadiayurvedicclinic.com and http://www.ayurvedaphysician.com